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Surfactant Effects on Residual Water and Oil Saturations in Porous Media

University of Oklahoma, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Science, University of Oklahoma, 202 W. Boyd Street, Carson Engineering Center, Rm. 334, Norman, OK 73019-1021

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Behavior of residual oil saturation based on wettability and water saturation (adopted from Blunt, 1997).

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Flowchart of air stream during soil column drainage.

View larger version (10K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Water–air surface tension vs. sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) concentration.

View larger version (8K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Interfacial tensions (IFT) of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS)–hexadecane with estimated critical micelle concentration.

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Salt screen for LNAPL–selected sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) concentrations (arrows indicate systems used in column tests). IFT is interfacial tension.

View larger version (10K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Normalized residual water saturations vs. surfactant surface tension for the silica sand and Canadian river alluvium (CRA).

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Surfactant effects on residual water and oil saturations in 0.85- to 0.425-mm (20–40 mesh) silica sand. DADI is deaired, deionized water.

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Surfactant effects on residual water and oil saturations in Canadian river alluvium (CRA) media. DADI is deaired, deionized water.

View larger version (10K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Trend of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) impacts on residual saturations in silica sand and Canadian river alluvium (CRA).