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A Time Domain Transmission Method for Determining the Dependence of the Dielectric Permittivity on Volumetric Water Content

An Application to Municipal Landfills

^a Department of Environmental Management, City of Tucson, 100 N. Stone Ave., Suite 215, P.O. Box 27210, Tucson, AZ 85726-7210
^b Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Bldg. 11, Rm. 246, 1133 E. North Campus Drive, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Side view of the experimental column. Note that "reflection coaxial connector to ANA" refers to the label on an automated network analyzer (ANA). The reflection port is used for signal input for transmission measurements together with a transmission port to deliver the transmitted signal to the instrument.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the experimental configuration.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. The time at the point of intersection of the horizontal and sloped dashed lines that have been fitted to the waveform (solid line) defines the time of first arriving energy of the time domain transmission (TDT) pulse, 18.93 ns.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Square root of the dielectric permittivity vs. volumetric water content for Industrial Paragon Sand (No. 30) and municipal water during upward infiltration. Each symbol represents measurements made in a separate calibration experiment. The column was repacked with dry sand for each experiment. The regression equation and the goodness of fit (R2) of a linear regression to all of the data are shown. The calibration developed by Topp et al. (1980) is included as a dashed line.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. The square root of the dielectric permittivity of refuse sample SVNO5 (20–25) vs. the volumetric water content. The regression equation and the goodness of fit (R2) of a linear regression to the data are shown.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. The square root of the dielectric permittivity of all of the dried refuse samples vs. the volumetric water content. The regression equation and the goodness of fit (R2) of a linear regression to all of the data are shown. Each data series is labeled with the sample identification and depth of the sample, in parentheses. The calibration developed by Topp et al. (1980) is included as a dashed line.