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Soluble Metal Leaching from a Poultry Litter–Amended Udult under Pasture Vegetation

^a Dep. of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Arkansas, 115 PTSC, Fayetteville, AR 72701
^b Dep. of Biological & Agric. Eng., Univ. of Arkansas, 233 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701
^c Agric. Statistics Lab., 101 Agricultural Annex, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
^d Dep. of Crop, Soil, and Environ. Sci., Univ. of Arkansas, 1366 W. Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72701

View larger version (86K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (A) Equilibrium-tension lysimeter used in this study and (B) in situ view of a nearly completed lysimeter installation.

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Measured and cumulative drainage since previous sampling and precipitation for 3 mo before initial litter application and for two annual periods (Year 1: May 2003 through April 2004 and Year 2: May 2004 through April 2005) following each litter application. Litter was applied on day of year 120 and 127 in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Thirty-year normal precipitation data was obtained from NOAA (2002). Vertical bars represent standard error from two replications per treatment mean.

View larger version (46K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Measured leachate pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and redox potential for 3 mo before initial litter application and for two annual periods (Year 1: May 2003 through April 2004 and Year 2: May 2004 through April 2005) following each litter application. Litter was applied on day of year 120 and 127 of 2003 and 2004, respectively. Vertical bars represent standard error from two replications per treatment mean.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Measured (i.e., raw) leachate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and leaching losses for 3 mo before initial litter application and for two annual periods (Year 1: May 2003 through April 2004 and Year 2: May 2004 through April 2005) following each litter application. Litter was applied on day of year 120 and 127 of 2003 and 2004, respectively. Vertical bars represent standard error from two replications per treatment mean.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Measured (i.e., raw) leachate As, Cd, and Se concentrations for 3 mo before initial litter application and for two annual periods (Year 1: May 2003 through April 2004 and Year 2: May 2004 through April 2005) following each litter application. Litter was applied on day of year 120 and 127 of 2003 and 2004, respectively. Vertical bars represent standard error from two replications per treatment mean.

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Measured (i.e., raw) leachate Cr, Mn, and Fe concentrations for 3 mo before initial litter application and for two annual periods (Year 1: May 2003 through April 2004 and Year 2: May 2004 through April 2005) following each litter application. Litter was applied on day of year 120 and 127 of 2003 and 2004, respectively. Vertical bars represent standard error from two replications per treatment mean.

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Measured (i.e., raw) leachate Ni, Cu, and Zn concentrations for 3 mo before initial litter application and for two annual periods (Year 1: May 2003 through April 2004 and Year 2: May 2004 through April 2005) following each litter application. Litter was applied on day of year 120 and 127 of 2003 and 2004, respectively. Vertical bars represent standard error from two replications per treatment mean.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Measured As, Cd, and Se leaching losses for 3 mo before initial litter application and for two annual periods (Year 1: May 2003 through April 2004 and Year 2: May 2004 through April 2005) following each litter application. Litter was applied on day of year 120 and 127 of 2003 and 2004, respectively. Vertical bars represent standard error from two replications per treatment mean.

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Measured Cr, Mn, and Fe leaching losses for 3 mo before initial litter application and for two annual periods (Year 1: May 2003 through April 2004 and Year 2: May 2004 through April 2005) following each litter application. Litter was applied on day of year 120 and 127 of 2003 and 2004, respectively. Vertical bars represent standard error from two replications per treatment mean.

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Measured Ni, Cu, and Zn leaching losses for 3 mo before initial litter application and for two annual periods (Year 1: May 2003 through April 2004 and Year 2: May 2004 through April 2005) following each litter application. Litter was applied on day of year 120 and 127 of 2003 and 2004, respectively. Vertical bars represent standard error from two replications per treatment mean.