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Quantifying Minimum Monolith Size and Solute Dilution from Multi-Compartment Percolation Sampler Data

^a Wageningen Univ., Dep. of Environmental Science, Sub-Dep. Water Resources, Soil Physics, Ecohydrology, and Groundwater Management Group, Nieuwe Kanaal 11, 6709 PA The Netherlands
^b Swiss Federal Inst. of Aquatic Science & Technology (Eawag), Dep. of Water Resources and Drinking Water, Überlandstr. 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
^c School of Ecology & Environment, Office J228 Warrnambool Campus, P.O. Box 423, Warrnambool, Victoria 3280, Australia
^d Dep. of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Univ. of Idaho, P.O. Box 442060, Moscow ID 83844-2060

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Radius and area of the hypothetical microcatchment and its exit area at the observation depth, as required in the derivation of minimal size of a multicompartment sampler (Eq. [1] through [4]).

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Theoretical dependence of the area-normalized dilution index E/A (dashed lines) and reactor ratio M (solid lines) on the sampling depth for stochastic-convective transport (black) and convective-dispersive transport (red). The values for the observed plume at the bottom of the lysimeter are shown by markers.

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. The distribution of chloride concentrations in the drainage samples collected from the 300 inner compartments of de Rooij's (1996) lysimeter, and the distribution that resulted after combining all samples of each sampling round (entire lysimeter). Sample volumes were converted to millimeter drainage over the entire sampling area to facilitate interpretation. Please note the logarithmic scale on the vertical axis.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Flux-weighted cumulative distribution function of reactor ratios M calculated from breakthrough curves of individual sampling compartments. For comparison, the mean value (Table 2) is plotted together with the value for the entire plume (calculated from all 300 compartments, Table 1) and the value for a single collector under the entire lysimeter (lysimeter scale, Table 1).