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Effect of a Salt Crust on Evaporation from a Bare Saline Soil

^a Univ. of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
^b Arid Land Research Center, Tottori Univ., 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
^c National Research Inst. for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Experimental setup. The lamp to heat the surface was intermittently switched off automatically.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Soil water retention curves for the two soils used in this study.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Hydraulic conductivity for the two soils used in this study.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Tortuosity factor for ionic diffusion as a function of water content for the two soils used in this study.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Concentration and water content profiles for the displacement experiment for (a) Masa loamy sand and (b) Toyoura sand.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Temporal change in the evaporation rate for (a) Masa loamy sand and NaCl (b) Masa loamy sand and KCl, and (c) Toyoura sand and NaCl. In (a), numerical solutions are for Column 3; rsc is the resistivity of the salt crust; half and quarter dispersivity is in reference to the dispersivity in the top 2 cm compared with the independently measured value.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Comparisons of measured and simulated water content profiles.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Concentration profiles for (a) Masa loamy sand and NaCl, (b) Masa loamy sand and KCl, and (c) Toyoura sand and NaCl.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Salt crust resistance as a function of accumulated salt in depth z <0.25 cm.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Comparison of measured and simulated concentration profiles for (a) Masa loamy sand and NaCl, (b) Masa loamy sand and KCl, and (c)Toyoura sand and NaCl; rsc is the resistivity of the salt crust; half and quarter dispersivity is in reference to the dispersivity in the top 2 cm compared with the independently measured value.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Solution of the convection–dispersion equation assuming solute-free input to a soil having a Dirac delta initial distribution at x = 5 cm; = dispersivity, Di = effective ionic diffusion coefficient, v = pore water velocity.